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Sovereign debt

A stack of Ugandan shilling banknotes—50,000, 20,000, 10,000, and 5,000—arranged in a currency counting machine.
Foreign exchange

Uganda shilling weakens sharply as oil prices and global risk sentiment shift

Rising oil prices and shifting investor sentiment drive Uganda shilling to weakest level since mid-2024
Scattered South African rands notes against a white background.
Middle East war

The Middle East war is hurting Africa. Here is how the continent fights back

As the Middle East war pushes African currencies lower and borrowing costs higher, a Pretoria scholar sets out how the continent must respond
Standard Bank Group's headquarters in Johannesburg
Banking Sector

Stanbic trading desk powers record profit

Stanbic Uganda Holdings posted its strongest profit growth in three years in 2025, led by a surge in trading income and compressed interest margins
A stack of Ugandan shilling banknotes—50,000, 20,000, 10,000, and 5,000—arranged in a currency counting machine.

Uganda bonds draw strong demand as yields fall to near two-year lows

Investors accepted sub-coupon rates across all three tenors at February's auction, signalling a marked shift in sentiment towards Ugandan sovereign debt
View of Joburg inner city from Gandhi Square, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa

The G20 must end the cost-of-capital penalty imposed on Africa

Africa's cost of capital crisis is not rooted in economics alone, but is perpetuated by perception and precedent, as well as the structural inertia of a global financial system that systematically overprices African risk
President Cyril Ramaphosa leads South African delegation to virtual G20 Leaders' Summit in November 2020

Africa’s debt crisis demands more than G20 declarations

African nations are trapped: spending more on debt servicing than on health or education, whilst climate shocks compound their struggles. South Africa's G20 tenure has highlighted the crisis, but substantive solutions remain elusive
Seedlings growing on coins, in soil medium

African finance ministers shouldn’t be getting involved in bond deals – that’s what the experts are for!

Recent developments show that most eurobonds owned by African countries have not been structured properly. As a result, African countries are paying way over the odds relative to their sovereign risks
Various currency notes of African countries are seen in this photo

African countries are not good at issuing bonds, which means the cost of debt is higher than it should be. What changes are required?

African countries face a puzzling paradox: although they are paying more for the debt they are raising, demand for these bonds is much higher than supply - often oversubscribed by over five times.
Street art in Dublin against IMF/EU debt, June 2013. The recent Kenyan anti-tax protests are a warning that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is failing. The public does not think it is helping its member countries manage their economic and financial problems, which are being exacerbated by a rapidly changing global political economy. The IMF has provided financial assistance to Kenya; however, the funding comes with strict conditions that suggest debt obligations are more important than the needs of long-suffering citizens. This is despite the IMF's claim that its mandate now includes helping states deal with issues such as climate, digitalisation, gender, governance, and inequality. Unfortunately, Kenya is not an isolated case. Twenty-one African countries are receiving IMF support. In Africa, debt service, on average, exceeds the combined amounts governments are spending on health, education, climate and social services. The tough conditions attached to IMF financing have led the citizens of Kenya and other African countries to conclude that a too powerful IMF is the cause of their problems. However, research into the law, politics and history of the international financial institutions suggests the opposite: the real problem is the IMF’s decline in authority and efficacy.

The IMF is failing countries like Kenya: why, and what can be done to stop it

IMF’s declining resources relative to the size of the global economy has meant less funding than members need, forcing austerity and weakening its bargaining position in crises

More Sovereign debt

27 May 2024

Why government bonds are a good investment

Seeking a safe and reliable way to grow your savings while supporting the Ugandan economy? Look no further than Treasury bills and bonds, issued by BoU on behalf of the government

The crest of the Bank of Uganda on its premises
16 April 2024

The liquidity crisis in developing countries is not over

External debt ratios of low-income and lower-middle-income countries are lower than before, but liquidity pressures have increased due to various shifts in the global economy

Globe weighed down by a chain and labelled 'debt': global debt crisis, economic burden, financial instability, liquidity crisis
26 February 2024

Africa’s debt crisis demands a bold new approach

Africa cannot rely on the global community to provide adequate funding or debt relief to address its development needs and crises, such as pandemics or extreme weather events

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and other G20 leaders at the opening ceremony of the 2023 G20 Leaders' Summit in New Delhi, India, on 9 September 2023. The G20 agreed a Common Framework that was supposed to help resolve the sovereign debt crises in low income countries. Four African countries applied to have their debts restructured through the framework. Despite years of negotiations, it has failed to fully resolve the debt crisis in three of them.
1 February 2024

Fixes for Africa’s exploding debt and collapsing currencies

Highly indebted African countries face stark trade-offs between servicing expensive debt, supporting growing development needs, and stabilising domestic currencies

Storm clouds gathering over Accra, Ghana. Nineteen African countries, including Ghana and Zambia, are already in debt distress (meaning they are unable to meet financial obligations) or at high risk of debt distress. Ghana’s public debt has more than doubled since 2012 and amounts to 85 per cent of GDP. Zambia’s went up much higher and stood at 98 per cent as of 2022. Both Ghana and Zambia, along with Ethiopia, have defaulted on their foreign debt, sparking fears about a broader sovereign debt crisis on the continent if more countries fall into debt distress.
4 January 2024

The conceptual roots of the debt crisis in the Global South

Growing debt crisis in the Global South largely the result of a flawed multilateral system, and also reflects inadequacies of the dominant analytical and policy frameworks

A map displayed in a shop in the US shows pins and currencies left by visitors from around the world. Based on the number of pins on the map, it seems that most visitors are from the United States, followed by Western Europe.
15 February 2018

The real reason why cities in sub-Saharan Africa aren’t issuing municipal bonds

In the US, municipal bonds worth over $111 billion were issued in November and December 2017 for infrastructure, pension obligations and other critical needs. For comparison, cities in sub-Saharan Africa have raised less than 1% of the US amount since 2004